COMMUNALISM
From Its Origins to the Twentieth Century
A complete book by
Kenneth Rexroth (1974);
edited with additional material by Ken Knabb (2026)
Table of Contents
NEW INTRODUCTION vii
Introduction: The Libertarian Tradition
1
1. The Neolithic Village
9
2. Essenes, Therapeutae, Qumran
16
3. The Early Church,
Monasticism 25
4. Eckhart, Brethren of the Free Spirit 38
5. John
Wycliffe, The English Peasants’ Rebellion 51
6. Hus, The Hussite Wars,
Tabor 58
7. The Radical Reformation, Thomas Münzer
74
8. Münster 86
9. Anabaptists, Hutterites
95
10. Winstanley, The Diggers 103
11. The Near East and Russia
119
12. Early Communes in America 131
13. Amana, The Shakers, St.
Nazianz 145
14. Oneida 158
15. Robert Owen 164
16. Josiah Warren 177
17. Brook Farm 181
18. Fourierism 187
19. Étienne Cabet 194
20. Hutterites Again 203
Epilogue:
Post-Apocalyptic Communalism 214
APPENDIX: REXROTH'S RADICAL POLITICS 227
BIBLIOGRAPHY 245
NOTES 249
INDEX 251
Index
The following index refers to the new PM Press
edition.
If you check the above Table of Contents, you can see which chapter
a page is in.
Abbasid Caliphate, 122
Abélard, Peter, 45
abolitionist (antislavery) movement, 161, 173, 181-182, 190
Adamites, 69-71, 103
Aga Khan, 122-123
Akhenaten, 16
Albigensians (Cathars), 33-35, 41, 52, 58, 120
alchemy (spiritual), 44
Alcott, Amos Bronson, 181
Alexander III (Pope), 36
Alexander V (Pope), 60-61
Alexander VI (Pope), 66
Altamira cave paintings, 9
Amana (Community of True-Inspiration), 145-148, 207, 212, 219
Ambrose, Saint, 29
Amish people, ix, 37, 207, 212, 236
Ammon, John, 98-99
Anabaptists, x, 29, 34, 67, 76-77, 84, 89-90, 92-94, 98, 101, 105, 131, 203
Ananias and Sapphira, 26
anarchism; anarchists, x-xi, 1-2, 4, 6, 112-113, 116, 170, 177, 179-180, 216,
221-222, 224-225, 229-231, 238
Anarchist Circle (San Francisco), vii-viii, 230-231, 235
Andrews, Steven Pearl, 179-180
Anglican Church, 75, 157
Antioch College, 222
“apocalyptical” (defined), 18, 24
Aquinas, Saint Thomas, 46
Arnold of Villanova, 44
Assassins, 120-121, 123-124
Augustine, Saint, 29, 33, 44-45, 48, 75, 78
Aurora community, 140-141
Australian aborigines, 10
Aztec civilization, 14
Baez, Joan, 241
Babeuf, François Noël, 141, 230
Bacon, Francis, 72
Bader, Augustine, 86
Baker, Newton, 206
Bakunin, Mikhail, x, 201, 216, 221, 230
Ball, John, 55-57
brigand communism, 69, 120-126
baptism, 29, 77, 86
Baptist sect, 105
Barlow, Francis C., 184
Basil, Saint, 29-30
Bauhaus, 130
Bäumeler, Joseph, 183
Bax, Belfort, 116
Beats, vii, 231
Beckwith, Colonel, 37
Béguines and Béghards, 32, 41-43, 46-47, 49, 131, 145
Beisel, Conrad, 135-136
Bellamy, Edward, 194
Bellers, John, 116-118
Benedict XIII (Pope), 60
Benedict of Nursia, Saint, 29-30
Benedictine monasticism, 30-33, 39, 225
Bentham, Jeremy, 166
Berkman, Alexander, x, 221, 230
Bernard of Clairvaux, Saint, 45-46
Bernstein, Eduard, 116-118
Bethel community, 140-141
Bible, 16, 18, 25-26, 35, 42, 53, 70, 72, 75, 98, 106, 141, 158-159
Bishop’s Hill community, 141
Black Death, 52, 55
Black Mountain College, 222
Black Muslims, 209, 221
Black Panthers, 221
Blacks, 122-123, 154, 173-176
Blake, William, 6, 167, 240
Blanc, Louis, 196
Bloch, Ernst, 85
Bockelson, Jan (John of Leyden), 87, 90-93
Boehme, Jakob, 57, 95, 134, 140
Bogomils, 33, 128
Bohemia (civil wars), 52, 55, 58-73
Bohemia Manor, 132-133
Bohemian National Church, 52, 66
bohemianism, 6-7, 190
Bolsheviks; Bolshevism, x, 1-2, 24, 93, 126-129, 205, 227-229, 231
Bolshevik Revolution (1917), 2, 8, 116, 227
Bonaventure, Saint, 39, 45-46
Bosch, Hieronymus, 69-70
Bourne, Randolph, 112, 230
Brassens, George, 239
Brethren, ix, 73, 236; Bohemian, 98; Czech, 36, 72, 100-101; German Baptist,
132, 135; Moravian, 67, 116, 132; Polish, 102; Swiss, 76, 81, 86, 101; United
(Unitas Fratrum), 67, 72
Brethren of the Common Life, 32, 50-51, 131
Brethren of the Free Spirit, x, 33, 43-44, 47, 50, 70-71, 103, 236
Brisbane, Arthur, 189
Brook Farm, x, 162, 181-186, 189, 192, 202
Brüderhof, 212, 219, 221
Bryant, William Cullen, 189
Buddhism, 14, 44, 49, 121
Burton, Bradford and Warren, 183
Bushmen, 10
Butler, Samuel, 161
Cabet, Étienne, 118, 141, 194-202
Cagliostro, Alessandro, 140
California Indians, 10-11, 215
Calvin, John, 74-75, 86
Calvinism, 37, 74-75, 95-96, 104-105, 136
Campanella, Tommaso, 72
capitalism, 1-8, 54, 57, 68, 82, 100, 113, 115, 167, 169, 190, 217, 227-230,
238, 242, etc.
Carmathians, 122-124
Cassiodorus, 31
Cathars (Albigensians), 33-35, 41, 52, 58, 120
Catherine (Empress of Russia), 101, 203
Channing, William Henry, 184, 189
Charles II (King of England), 104
Charles IV (Holy Roman Emperor), 60
Charles V (Holy Roman Emperor), 90
Chase, Warren, 192
Chaucer, Geoffrey, 41
Chelsicky, Peter, 71
Chekhov, Anton, 128
“chiliasm” (defined), 18
China: ancient civilization, 13-14
“Cultural Revolution,” 2
Christ, Jesus, 16-17, 23, 26, 32, 38, 42, 71-72, 77, 138, 150, 184, 209, 233
Christian Church; Christianity. See specific names or topics
Chuang Tzu, 108
civil rights movement, viii, 232
Civil War (American), 139, 181-182, 190, 200
Clement VII (Pope), 59
Cleyre, Voltairine de, 230
Cohen, Leonard, 241
Cold War, 220
Collins, Judy, 241
Comfort, Alex, 221
Commonwealth College (Arkansas), 222
Communia colony, 201, 217
communism vs. statist “Communism,” x-xi, 1-2
communistic or communalistic sects or communities. See specific names
Confucianism, 13
Considérant, Victor, 189, 192
Constantine (Roman Emperor), 27-28, 77, 142
Council of Constance, 52, 61
counterculture (1960s), ix, 235, 240-241
Counter-Reformation, 73, 101-102, 131
Creel, George, 206
Cromwell, Oliver, 36, 104, 113, 115
Crusades, 33, 36, 41, 52, 60-61, 64-67, 123-124
Cuban Missile Crisis (1962), 220
Cunninghame Graham, R. B., 214
Curtis, George William, 184
Custer, George, 205
d’Ailly, Pierre (Cardinal), 60, 62
Dalton, John, 117
Dana, Charles A., 183, 189
Darwin, Charles, 9
D’Arusmont, Guillaume, 170, 174-176
Dead Sea Scrolls, 16-17
Debord, Guy, 242
de Gaulle, Charles, 234
Denk, Hans, 95
Descartes, René, 132-133
Devotionalists sect, 141-142
Diggers (during the English Revolution), x-xi, 105-106, 112-113, 236
Diggers (in modern times), 116
Dionysius the Areopagite, 45
Divara (“Queen” at Münster), 92
Djilas, Milovan, 2
Dominic, Saint, 32
Dominicans, 32
Donovan, 241
Dostoevsky, Fyodor, ix
Doukhobors sect, 128, 207-208
Dousentschuer, Jan, 91
Druids, 14
Dunkard sect, 135
Duns Scotus, 46
Dupont-Summer, André, 24
Dwight, John S., 183, 189
Dylan, Bob, 241
East European revolts against Stalinist “Communism,” xi, 2
Ebenezer Society, 146
Ebionites sect, 26-27
Eck, Hans, 92
Eckhart, Meister, 44-51, 77, 97, 103, 108, 131, 134
ecology, 3-4, 238-239
Economy (Rappite community), 137-139
Egranus, John, 78
Egypt, 14, 16, 20, 27, 30, 121
Ehrenpreis, Andreas, 210
Elias of Cortona, 41
Elizabeth of Hungary (Countess of Thuringia), 46
Elizabeth of Schönau, 46
Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 183, 190
Engels, Frederick, 5, 9, 84-85, 178, 181, 217-218
English Peasants’ Rebellion (1381), 52-58
English Revolution and Commonwealth (1640–1660), 34, 103-104
Ephratan sect, 135-136
Eriugena, John Scotus, 45
“eschatological” (defined), 18
Essenes, x, 16-25, 27, 31
European revolutions of 1848, 116, 181, 186, 196, 217
Eusebius of Caesarea, 19, 27, 78
Evans, Frederick W., 155, 218
Everard, William, 105-106
Fairfax, Thomas, 105-106
Family of Love, 97, 104
fascism, 228
Ferdinand (Holy Roman Emperor), 99
feudalism, 52, 55-58, 66-69, 74, 82, 89, 113, 127, 187
Fifth Monarchy movement, 103-104
Flower, George, 174
Fourier, Charles; Fourierist communities, x, 118, 141, 169, 179, 185, 187-193
Fox, George, 105
Francis, Saint, 32, 36, 38-42, 45
Franciscans, 32, 39-42
Franck, Sebastian, 88, 95
Franklin, Benjamin, 134
Franco, Francisco, ix
Fraticelli (heretical offshoot of Franciscans), 41-42
Frederick (Elector of Saxony), 80-81
French Revolution (1789-1799), 6, 8, 65, 116, 159, 187, 194
French revolution of 1830, 194
French revolution of 1848, 196
French revolution of 1871 (Paris Commune), x, 8, 200-201
French May 1968 revolt, 234-235, 237, 241
Fretageot, Marie, 170
Friends of God (Gottesfreunde), 32, 50
Fritz, Joss, 82
Froissart, Jean, 56
Fuller, Margaret, 184-185, 189
Garrison, William Lloyd, 161
Gater, Sarah, 107
George, Henry, 112
Gérard, J. B., 198
Gersen, Ottilie von, 79
Gerson, Jean, 60, 62
Giardo, 34-35
Gilbert of Sempringham, Saint, 32, 157
Ginsberg, Allen, vii, 241
Giotto, 39
Glorious Revolution (England, 1688-1689), 58
Gnosticism, 33-35, 120-121, 128, 149, 151
Godwin, William, 6
Goldman, Emma, x, 6, 230
Gottesfreunde (Friends of God), 32, 50
Graess, Henry, 92
Greek (Eastern) Orthodox Church, 27, 30, 59, 65, 156, 203
Greeley, Horace, 189
Gregory of Nazianzus, Saint, 156
Gregory XII (Pope), 60-61
Gresbeck, Henry, 92
Griswold (Anglo-Catholic bishop), 157
Grüber, Eberhard Ludwig, 145
Haight-Ashbury, viii-ix
Harmony (Rappite community), 136-137, 168
Harringon, James, 72
Hasidism, 102, 210
Haskell, Burnette G., 216
Hawthorne, Nathaniel, 183-186
Hecker, Isaac, 184
Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich, 217
Heinemann, Barbara, 145, 147
Henry VIII (King of England), 54, 63, 67
Herodotus, 14
Herrman, Augustin, 133
Hershey (Pennsylvania town), 165
Higginson, T. W., 189
Hildegard of Bingen, Saint, 46
Hinduism, 44
Hippolitus, 27
Hiroshima, 221, 228
Hitler, Adolf, 130
Hitler–Stalin Pact, 228
Hocknell, John, 150
Hoffman, Melchior, 86-87
Holy Rollers (or Holy Jumpers), 149
Holy Roman Empire, 58, 99, 103
Hübmaier, Balthasar, 81, 97
Hulagu Khan, 123
Hungarian revolution (1956), xi, 2
hunter-gatherer societies, viii, 9-11
Hus, John (Jan), 52, 60-63
Hussite Wars, 52, 55, 58-73, 113
Hut, Hans, 86, 210
Hut, John, 82
Hutter, Jacob, 97-98, 208, 210
Hutterites, viii-x, 67, 73, 97-103, 116, 145, 218, 220, 222-224, 236-237
Ibn-Arabi, 49, 123
Ibsen, Henrik, 6
Icaria communities, 195-202, 219-220
Inca Peruvian civilization, 13-14
India, 14, 183
Innocent II (Pope), 40
intentional communities. See specific names
Irish Church, 27, 31-32
Iroquois, 13, 154
Islam (Mohammedanism), 30, 53, 69, 120-124
Ismailians (branch of Shia Islam), 120-123
IWW (Industrial Workers of the World), v, 229-230
Jamasp (brother of Kawaz), 120
James (brother of Jesus), 26
James II (King of England), 77
James, Henry, 233
Janson, Eric, 141-144
Jehovah’s Witnesses, 209, 221
Jennings, Robert, 175
Jerome (associate of Hus), 63
Jesuits, 100, 126, 131, 157, 214-215
Jesus (Christ), 16-17, 23, 26, 32, 38, 42, 71-72, 77, 138, 150, 184, 209, 233
Jesus People, 221
Joachim of Fiore, 42, 97
Joan of Arc, 63
John, Duke (brother of Elector Frederick), 80-81, 83
John of Battenberg, 96
John of Gaunt, 56
John of Leyden (Jan Bockelson), 87, 90-93
John the Baptist, 16-17
John XXII (Pope), 41, 43, 50
John XXIII (Pope: 1958–1963), 32
John XXIII (antipope Baldassare Cossa), 60-62
Johnson, Olaf, 144
Jorus, David, 97
Josephus, 16-17, 21-22, 78
Judaism, 16-24, 102
Jude (brother of Jesus), 26
Kabbalah, 121, 134
Kautsky, Karl, 85
Kawaz (Persian king), 119
Kaweah Cooperative Commonwealth, 216, 219
Keil, William (“Doctor”), 140-141, 148
Kelpius, Johannus, 133-135
Kempis, Thomas à, 51, 131
Keppler, Anthony, 157
Kerouac, Jack, vii, 231
Khlisty sect, 128
Khusraw I (son of Kawaz), 120
King, Susan, 107
Knights Templar, 124, 126
Knipperdolling, Bernhard, 88, 90-92
Korean War, 7
Korsch, Karl, x
KPFA (Pacifica radio station), vii, 231
Kraussert, M., 145
Krechting, Bernhard, 92
Kronstadt revolt (1921), xi, 2, 229-230
Kropotkin, Peter, x, 4, 221, 230
Kuomintang, 228
Labadie, Jean de, 132-134
Lafayette, Marquis de, 174
La Follette, Robert, 229
Lamartine, Alphonse de, 196
Lanzenstiel, Leonard, 99
Lascaux cave paintings, 9
League of the Elect, 80-81, 83
Lee Standerin, Ann, 149-151
Lenin, Vladimir, 1-2, 229
Lesueur, Charles Alexandre, 170
Levellers, 103-104, 111
“libertarian” (conflicting meanings of), 249: first note
Libertarian Circle, 230
Liechtenstein, Leonhardt von, 97-98
Lilburne, John, 104
Lollards, 53-55, 60-61, 68
Lolotte, Mam’selle, 175-176
Louis Napoleon (Emperor Napoleon III), 181, 186, 189
Louis Philippe (King of France), 194, 196
Lowell, James Russell, 189
Lucius III (Pope), 36
Luther, Martin, 29, 61, 67, 69, 73-82, 84, 86, 115
Lutheranism, 51, 79, 87, 103, 136, 141, 145
Luxemburg, Rosa, x-xi
Maclure, William, 170, 174
Mahayana Buddhism, 121
Makhnovist peasant revolution, xi, 230
Malatesta, Errico, x, 231
Malthus, Thomas, 166
Mandean sect, 128
Manichaeanism, 33, 120
Manning, Robert, 149
Manson Family, 221
Maoists, 221
Marcus Aurelius, 31
Martin, James, 210
Martin V (Pope), 66
Marx, Karl, x-xi, 5-6, 9, 100, 112, 117-118, 141, 166-167, 178-179, 181, 201,
213, 216-218, 221, 231, 238
Matthaei, Conrad, 135
Matthys, Jan, 88-90
Mayan civilization, 12, 14
Mazdak; Mazdaian sect, 119-120
McCarthyism, 94
Mechthild of Magdeburg, 46
Meecham, Joseph, 150-151
megalithic religion, 12
Melchiorite sect, 87-88
Mennonites, ix, 27, 37, 51, 76, 86, 95, 102, 129, 132-133, 203-205, 212, 236
Metz, Christian, 145
Michael of Cesena, 43
“millenarianism” (defined), 18
Miller, Henry, 69
Milton, John, 36
Mitchell, Joni, 240
Modern Times community, 180
Mohammed, 120-121
Mohammedanism (Islam), 30, 53, 69, 120-124
Molokani sect, 128
monasticism, 14, 16, 20, 27-37, 39, 41, 46, 131, 144, 222, 225, 236
Mongols, 123, 125
Monteforte community, 34-35
More, Saint Thomas, 63, 72, 194, 215
Morgan, Lewis Henry, 9
Mormons, 148, 170, 196, 199, 212, 219
Morris, William, 55, 116
Moscow Trials, 228
Muir, John, 10
Müller, Bernard (“Count Leon”), 138-140
Münster commune, 47, 76, 84, 86-94
Münzer, Thomas, 76-87, 92
Nagasaki, 221
Narodnaya Volya (“the People’s Will”), 128
Nashoba community, 173-175
Nazarenes sect, 26
Nestorian Church, 29
New Harmony community, 164, 169-175, 177, 179-180, 185, 190, 196, 218, 222
New Icaria community, 201-202
New Lanark (Scotland), 117, 164-169, 172
New Left, viii-ix, 235
Nicholas of Cusa, 51, 131
Nicholas, Henry, 97
Nojashing community, 208
North American Phalanx, 191-192
Noyes, John Humphrey, 158-163, 173-174, 193, 210, 218, 223
Observants sect, 41
Oecolampadius, John, 81
Olivi, Peter John, 42
Olson, Jonas, 141
Oneida Community, x, 144, 158-163, 218-219, 223
Oreb commune, 68, 70-71
Orff, Carl, 239
Oschwald, Ambrosius, 156-157
Ottoman Empire, 52
Owen, Albert K., 215-216
Owen, David Dale (son of Robert), 173
Owen, Robert, 116-118, 136-137, 139, 164-178, 180, 190, 194-196, 210, 218, 222
Owen, Robert Dale (son of Robert), 170-171, 173-175, 179
Pachomius, Saint, 27-30
Pannekoek, Anton, x
Paracelsus, 140
Paraguay, 157, 214-215
Paris Commune (1871), x, 8, 200-201
Partridge, George, 183
Pastorius, Francis Daniel, 133
Paul, Gregory, 101
Paul, Saint, 26, 44
Paul I (Emperor of Russia), 203
Payne, Peter, 68
Peabody, Elizabeth P., 184
peasants, 12, 68-69, 73-74, 76
Peasants’ Rebellion of 1381 (England), 52-58
Peasant War of 1524–1525 (Germany), 73, 76, 80-85, 87, 89, 113
Penn, William, 77, 105, 117, 132-133, 136
Pennsylvania colony, 132
Perfectionists sect, 144, 158, 162
Peter, Saint, 26
Peters, Victor, viii
Peterson, Johann Wilhelm, 145
Petegorsky, David, 116
Pfeiffer, Henry, 81, 83-84, 92
Philip (Landgrave of Hesse), 83-84, 90, 99
Philip the Fair (King of France), 124
Philo of Alexandria, 16, 19-21, 27, 46, 123
Pietists, 17, 101, 131-134, 136, 141, 145, 156, 203
Pikarti sect (Picards), 68, 71, 78
Place, Francis, 117
Plato, 15, 46, 72, 123, 215
Platt, John, 106
Pliny, 16-17, 22
Plotinus, 108
Plutarch, 198
popes. See proper names
Porete, Marguerite, 47-48
Pratt, Minot, 183
Presbyterians, 144
primitive communism, x, 9-15, 208
Procopius the Great and Procopius the Little (Taborite military leaders), 66
Proudhon, Pierre-Joseph, 141, 170, 179-180, 201, 217
Pueblos, 13-14, 215
Puritans, 108, 132
Pythagoras; Pythagorean brotherhood, 15
Quakers (Society of Friends), ix, 49, 51, 104-105, 116-118, 132-133, 135,
149-150, 162, 165, 207, 209, 212, 236
Quietism, 49
Qumran, 16-18, 22-24, 27, 31, 70
Radical Reformation, 76, 86, 88, 97, 101, 103, 106, 225
Rakovians, 101-102
Ranters sect, 103
Rapp, Frederick (son of George), 138
Rapp, George, 136, 138-139, 147-148
Rappites (Harmonists), 136-139, 144, 168, 170, 172-173
Read, Herbert, 230
Reclus, Élisée, 4
Reformation, viii, 32-34, 37, 52, 54, 67, 69, 72-74, 76, 79-82, 84-85, 95, 102,
104, 115-116, 131
Renan, Ernest, 17, 24
Rexroth, Andrée, vii, 229
Rexroth, Kenneth, vii-xiii, 227-243
Rhenish (Rhineland) mystics, 44-46, 103, 131
Ricardo, David, 6, 166
Richard of St. Victor, 45-46
Richardson, James, 174-175
Riedemann, Peter, 99, 210
Ripley, George, 182-185, 189
Robertson, Thomas A., 216
Robespierre, Maximilien, 93
Robin Hood, 124
Rock, Johann Friedrich, 145
Rol, Henry, 88
Roman Catholic Church. See specific topics or opponents
Roman Empire, xii, 7, 31, 237
Root, John, 143-144
Rosemunde Juliane of Asseberg, 145-146
Rosicrucians, 133-134
Rothmann, Bernt, 87-90, 92-93
Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, 187
Rumiantsev (Russian Count), 203
Russia, 126-130, 201, 203-205
Russian revolution of 1905, 127-128
Russian revolution of 1917 (Bolshevik revolution), 2, 8, 116, 128, 227
Ruysbroeck, Jan van, 49, 51, 131
saints. See proper names
Saint-Simon, Claude Henri de, 118
San Francisco General Strike (1934), vii, 229
San Francisco Renaissance, vii, 231-232, 235
Sauer, Christopher, 136
Say, Thomas, 170
Schweitzer, Albert, 138
Schwenkfeld, Caspar, 95
Seekers sect, 104, 107
serfs, 55-57, 69, 73-74, 82, 101, 111, 127
Shakers, 144, 148-155, 160-161, 168, 173, 192, 212, 218-219, 222
Shaw, George Bernard, 63, 161
Shia Islam (Shiites), 121-122, 128
Sigismund (King of Hungary and Holy Roman Emperor), 58- 61, 63-64, 66
Silesius, Angelus, 131
Simons, Menno, 95-96
Sisters of Schweidnitz, 47
situationists, 242
Skoptsy sect, 128
Sluyter, Peter, 174
Snyder, Gary, vii
Socialist Revolutionaries (Russia), 127-128
Socinus, Faustus, 102
Sophia (Queen of Bohemia), 60, 67
soviets (popular councils), 2, 24, 127-128, 229
Spanish civil war and revolution (1936–1939), x-xi, 2, 8, 116, 228, 230
Speranza colony, 202
Spinoza, Baruch, 48
Spiritual Franciscanism (Zealots), 41-42
Spiritualists (Spiritualizers), 95, 97, 101, 103, 105-106, 116
Stalin, Josef, 129, 201, 203, 228
Stalinism, 227-229, 241
Standerin, Abraham, 149
State, 1-3, 5, 12-14, 112, 119, 126-127, 221, 224, 229-230, 237
Steiger, Matthias, 157
St. Nazianz Colony, 156-157
Stonehenge, 12
Storch, Nicholas, 78, 83
Straw, Jack, 55, 57
Strutt, Jebediah, 165
Sufis, 44, 49, 123
Sunburst Farms (California), 224
Sunnite Islam, 121-122
Suso, Henry, 44, 51, 77-78, 131
Symbionese Liberation Army, 221
Synanon, 161, 222
Tabor commune; Taborites, 34, 36, 65-67, 70-73, 76, 78, 93, 116
Tantrism, 160
Tauler, Johann, 44, 51, 77-78
Tertullian, 217
Teutonic Knights, 124-125
Therapeutae sect, 20, 27
Thirty Years War, 52, 66, 100, 103
Thoreau, Henry David, 177, 190
Tolstoi, Leo, 129
Tolstoyan movement, 156
Topolobampo colony, 215-216
Toynbee, Arnold, 27
Transcendentalists, 181-183, 190
Trappist monks, 152
Trollope, Frances, 175
Troost, Gerard, 170
Trotsky, Leon, 229
Trotskyites, 221, 227
Tucker, Benjamin R., 180
Tyler, Wat, 55, 57
Tylor, Edward Burnett, 9
Unitarianism, 101-102, 106, 182-183
Universalism, 183
Upanishads, 49
Urban VI (Pope), 59
utopian movements or communities. See specific names
Utraquists (Calixtines), 65-67, 73, 76, 100
Valentinian (Gnostic), 121
Varangian colonies, 124-125
Vaudon (Haitian voodoo), 153
Vedanta, 49
Vietnam War, 6-7
Villon, François, 239
Waldek, Franz von Prince (bishop), 89, 92
Waldenses (Poor Men of Lyons), 36-37, 60, 70
Waldo, Peter, 36, 39
Waldpot, Peter, 99, 102
Walsingham, Thomas, 56
Wardley, James and Jane, 149
War of Roses, 52, 55
Warren, Josiah, 116, 170, 173, 177-180
Weigel, Valentin, 95
Weitling, Wilhelm, 141, 201, 217
Wenceslaus IV (King of Bohemia), 59-61, 64
Wheeler, Burton, 229
Whitby, Richesson, 174
Whitman, Walt, 181-182
Whittaker, James, 150
Whittier, John Greenleaf, 189
Wideman, Jacob, 97, 210
William of Occam, 43
William of Orange, 58, 96
William the Conqueror, 111
Wilson, Woodrow, 206
Winstanley, Gerrard, xi, 105-118
Wisconsin phalanx, 192-193
witches, 126, 152
Wittvogel, Karl, 14
Wolff, Christopher, 141
Woman in the Wilderness sect, 134-135, 138
women, vii, 9, 11, 46-47, 90, 160-161, 173, 176, 185, 211, 219, 223
World War I, ix, 116, 227
World War II, vii-viii, 116, 230
Wright, Camilla, 174-176
Wright, Frances, 170, 173-177, 179
Wright, Lucy, 150-51
Wycliffe, John, 52-56, 60-61, 70
Yaeger, Philip, 97
Yugoslavia, 2, 129
Zandiq sect, 120
Zanj insurrection, 122-123
Zen Buddhism (American), 44
Zimmermann, Johann Jakob, 133-135
Zizka, Jan, 64-68, 71
Zoar community, 139-140
Zoroastrianism, 119-121
Zunis, 14, 215
Zwickau Prophets, 78-79
Zwingli, Huldrych, 74, 76, 86
Rexroth’s Communalism was published in 1974 by Seabury Press, but it has long been out of print. Copyright 1974 by Kenneth Rexroth. Reproduced here by permission of the Kenneth Rexroth Trust.
NOTE: A new edition of this book has just been published by PM Press, edited by Ken Knabb, with notes, a new introduction, a bibliography, and an appendix on Rexroth’s radical politics. Print and ebook copies can be ordered here.